Although discrepancies between the systems were identified, the marker-less system shows potential, especially for tracking simple upper-body movements.Īlthough stair ambulation should be included in the rehabilitation of the long-term effects of ACL injury on knee function, the assessment of kinetic parameter in the situation where stair gait can only be established using costly and cumbersome force platforms via conventional inverse dynamic analysis. However, the lower extremity joint angles, moments and reaction forces showed discrepancies during gait with correlations ranging from weak to strong, and for the majority of the variables, the marker-less system showed larger standard deviations. In addition, shoulder abduction/adduction range-of-motions were not significantly different between the two systems. The primary findings were that the vertical ground reaction force during gait and the shoulder abduction/adduction angles, glenohumeral joint reaction forces and deltoideus forces during both shoulder abduction tasks showed comparable results. ground reaction forces, joint reaction forces, joint angles and joint range-of-motion) were compared to musculoskeletal models driven by simultaneously recorded marker-based motion capture data from 10 males performing gait and shoulder abduction with and without external load. For validation, selected model outputs (e.g. Therefore, we developed a musculoskeletal model driven by marker-less motion capture data, based on two Microsoft Kinect Sensors and iPi Motion Capture software, which incorporated a method for predicting ground reaction forces and moments. These issues can potentially be addressed by applying marker-less motion capture. As input, these models often use kinematic data obtained using marker-based motion capture, which, however, is associated with several limitations, such as soft tissue artefacts and the time-consuming task of attaching markers. Musculoskeletal modeling is becoming a standard method to estimate muscle, ligament and joint forces non-invasively.